| |
|
|
|
| 首页 -> 世界历史 -> 1356年神圣罗马帝国《金玺诏书》 -> 正文阅读 |
[世界历史]1356年神圣罗马帝国《金玺诏书》[第2页] |
| 作者:平田元帅 |
| 首页 上一页[1] 本页[2] 下一页[3] 尾页[4] [收藏本文] 【下载本文】 |
|
前几天发了一次，昨天想更的时候居然找不着了。。 怀疑度娘BUG，，重发一次吧。 |
|
诏书的序言部分，宗教色彩比较浓厚，基本就是各种祈祷啥的。。 Eternal,omnipotent God, in whom the sole hope of the world is, Of Heaven the Maker.Thou, of earth, too, the lofty Creator: Consider, we pray Thee, Thy people, and gently, from out Thy high dwelling Look down lest they turn their steps to the place where Erinis is ruler;There where Allecto commands, Megaera dietetic the measures. But rather by virtue of him, this emperor Charles whom Thou lovest , O most beneficent God, may'st Thou graciously please to ordain it That, through the pleasant glades of forests ever in flower,And through the realms of the bless'd, their pious leader may bring them Into the holy shades, where the heavenly waters will quicken The seeds that were sown in the life, and where the ripe crops are made glorious Cleansed in supernal founts from all of the thorns they have gathered. Thus may the harvest be God's, and great may its worth be in future Heaping a hundred fold the corn in the barns overflowing.. 译文： 啊，永恒而全知全能的主、我们尘世唯一的希望、天堂与尘世的至高创造者，我们虔诚地祈求您：请您俯察并关怀您尘世的子民，请使他们免于陷入厄里尼厄斯统治之所、阿列克托掌管之地以及免于受到墨盖拉所吞噬的境地。 在此，朕，得您宠眷之查理皇帝、以您对他的宠眷而非他本人之德行，向您、最仁慈的天主祈求您的赐予：求您赐予我们虔诚的引导者，让他们在那林木花草永远丰美之所、在那主之福佑普遍推及之国将他们的民众引导至神圣之影的庇佑下；求您赐予我们至纯的圣水，让我们播撒的种子充满生机、加速生长；让那些即使从荆棘聚集之处收获之谷物也能被极好地净化。 朕深知，我们所有的丰收均以您之名实现，而有赖于您的庇佑，将来我们必能更获丰收，以至于谷仓所积之粮竟溢满达原有百倍之程度。 |
|
序言（3） Tell us, pride,how would's" thou have reigned over Lucifer if thou had'st not had discord to aid thee? Tell us hateful Satan, how would'st thou have cast Adam out of Paradise if thou had'st not divided him from his obedience ? Tell us, luxury, how would'st thou have destroyed Troy, if thou had'st not divided Helen from her husband? Tell us, wrath, how would'st thou have destroyed the Roman republic had'st thou not, by means of discord, spurred on Pompey and Caesar with raging swords to internal conflict? Thou, indeed,oh envy, host, with impious wickedness, spued with the ancient poison against the Christian empire which is fortified by God, like to the holy and indivisible Trinity, with the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity,whose foundation is happily established above in the very kingdom of Christ.Thou hast done this, like a serpent, against the branches of the empire and its nearer members; so that, the columns being shaken, thou Slightest subject the whole edifice to ruin. Thou Last often spread discord among the seven electors of the holy empire, through whom, as through seven candlesticks throwing light in the unity of a septiform spirit, the holy empire ought to be illumined. 译文： 傲慢之王呵，且诉于朕，若非因汝而引致不和之助，汝又何能以路西法之名施加统治之权予朕之子民？可憎之撒旦，若非因汝而致亚当失去天主的顺从、汝又何能将其逐出伊甸之园？奢欲之王呵，若非因汝而令海伦与其丈夫分离，汝又何以借战火之力毁灭特洛伊城？暴怒之王呵，且诉于朕，若非汝借由种种纷争致使庞培和恺撒同室操戈，汝又何能倾覆罗马共和国？至于妒忌之王，那众多不敬之邪恶的宿主呵，竟仍能流泻出古老的遗毒以对抗朕治下那奉基督之名、德天主庇佑，如至圣而不可分离的三位一体理论般神圣牢固，并秉持坚信、希望与博爱的天主之德的至高王国！正是上述的罪恶之主，制造了这些如毒蛇般阴险之罪行，以冲击离间朕之帝国支系与毗邻的友邦、致使帝国支柱动摇。如此，则即便是极轻微地一击亦可令帝国倾覆。若非诸罪恶仍持续将不和散布于神圣帝国内部如同七枝明烛一般照耀帝国、并得七重圣灵庇佑的七大选侯之间，朕之神圣帝国应早已因得天主之佑荣耀备至。 |
|
序言（4） Inasmuch as we,through the office by which we possess the imperial dignity, are doubly-both as emperor and by the electoral right which we enjoy-bound to put an end to future danger of discords among the electors themselves, to whose number we, as king of Bohemia are known to belong: we have promulgated, decreed and recommended for ratification the subjoined laws for the purpose of cherishing unity among the electors, and of bringing about a unanimous election, and of closing all approach to the aforesaid detestable discord and to the various dangers which arise from it. This we have done in our solemn court at Nuremberg, in session with all the electoral princes, ecclesiastical and secular, and amid a numerous multitude of other princes, counts, barons, magnates, nobles and citizens;after mature deliberation, from the fulness of our imperial power; sitting on the throne of our imperial majesty, adorned with the imperial bands, insignia and diadem; in the year of our Lord 1356, in the 9th Indiction, on the 4th day before the Ides of January, in the 10th year of our reign as king, the 1st as emperor. 译文： 有鉴于此，朕与在场诸公将利用由于朕等之职所有之帝国尊权——尤以朕因帝位加倍所有之尊权，以及朕等作为选侯所固有之权，来终结将来可能发生在诸选侯内部的不和与纷争，并最终确定从属于朕的、包括朕作为选侯之波希米亚国王身份在内之选侯数量：朕等业已裁定、并将颁行并推广此补充敕令，旨在维护诸选侯间之联合、促成全体一致之选举、终止一切上述可憎之不和及由不和所致之一切危险。这一敕令于庄严的纽伦堡帝国议会上，通过与全体选侯和其他教俗代表——包括为数众多的诸侯、伯爵、男爵、大贵族、普通贵族和市民的集会，并经慎重讨论后，朕以帝国皇帝之全权宣布通过此份饰以皇家绶带、纹章及冠冕标记的敕令。时为吾主降世第一千三百五十六年一月九日（注：Ides为罗马儒略历中的时间单位，一般是3、5、7、10月的第15日，其余各月份的第13日。按儒略历法，1月ides日的前四天即为1月9日），亦是朕为波希米亚国王之第十年及为罗马人皇帝之第一年。 |
|
诏书的第一章主要介绍了选侯在参加选举仪式时的护卫问题，共分为二十一节。。 不得不再次吐槽拉丁文在句法表达上的繁复和语法结构之严谨。。 1. What sort of escort the electors should have, and by whom furnished. (1)We decree, and, by the present imperial and ever valid edict, do sanction of certain knowledge and from the plenitude of the imperial power: that whenever,and so often as in future, necessity or occasion shall arise for the election of a king of the Romans and prospective emperor and the prince electors,according to ancient and laudable custom, are obliged to journey to such election,-each prince elector, if, and whenever, he is called upon to do this, shall be bound to escort any of his fellow prince electors or the envoys whomthey shall send to this election through his lands, territories and districts,and even as much beyond them as he shall be able; and to lend them escort without guile on their way to the city in which such election is to be held,and also in returning from it.That he shall do under pain of perjury and the loss, for that time only, of the vote which he was about to have in such election; which penalty, indeed, we decree that he or they who shall prove rebellious or negligent in furnishing the aforesaid escort shall, by the very act, incur. 译文： 一、论选侯应拥有何种护卫及护卫应由何者提供 （1）朕等依据帝国现行及既有之敕令、并在确保朕之充分皇权的情况下，对下述内容予以认可：无论将来何时，如帝国选侯因举行罗马人皇帝、即未来的帝国皇帝之选举仪式而有出席该场合的必要，依照古老而值得称许之旧例，诸选侯应遵从自己在选举期间的义务。在此情况下，某一选侯被告知选举仪式即将举行之事项后，如有必要，则应护送其他选侯或其他选侯所遣之使节安全地通过属于自己的领土或政区，并将其护送至以己之力所能及的最远处。此后，该选侯还须派遣护卫保护其选侯兄弟或其他选侯之使节，以使他们在抵达选举仪式召开之地以前、完成选举仪式离开该地以后免受阴谋诡计的伤害。在选举仪式期间，若该选侯受到其他选侯或选侯之使节的指控，称其所派遣的护卫发生了反叛其护送者的行为，或该选侯被指控在派遣护卫一事上疏忽怠慢，并因上述原因之一阻碍其他选侯或其他选侯使节抵达选举之地，则该选侯将被指控犯有背信弃义之罪，并失去他在该次选举中的投票资格。 |
|
第一章第二节，还是延续了上一节的内容，具体介绍对在选举皇帝的仪式期间的犯罪者之惩罚。 (2)We furthermore decree, and we command all other princes holding fiefs from the holy Roman empire, whatever the service they have to perform,-also all counts barons, knights, noble and common followers, citizens and communities of castles, cities and districts of the holy empire: that at this same time-when,namely, an election is to take place of king of the Romans and prospective emperor-they shall, without guile, in the manner aforesaid, escort through their territories and as far beyond as they can, any prince elector demanding from them, or any one of them, help of this kind, or the envoys whom as has been explained before, he shall have sent to that election. But if any persons shall presume to run counter to this our decree they shall, by the act itself,incur the following penalties: all princes and counts, barons, noble knights and followers, and all nobles acting counter to it, shall be considered guilty of perjury and deprived of all the fiefs which they hold of the holy Roman empire and of any lords whatever, and also of all their possessions no matter from whom they hold them. All cities and guilds, moreover, presuming to actcounter to the foregoing, shall similarly be considered guilty of perjury, and likewise shall be altogether deprived of all their rights, liberties,privileges and favours obtained from the holy empire, and both in their persons and in all their possessions shall incur the imperial bann and proscription.And any man on his own authority and without trial or the calling in of any magistrate, may henceforth with impunity attack those whom we, by the act itself, deprive, from now or from a past time on, of all their rights. And, in attacking them, he need fear no punishment on this account from the empire or any one else; inasmuch as they, rashly negligent in so great a matter, are convicted of acting faithlessly and perversely, as disobedient and perfidious persons and rebels against the state, and against the majesty and dignity of the holy empire, and even against their own honour and safety. 译文： （2）除上述条例外，本敕令还对下述内容予以认同：朕下令，所有除选侯之外获得帝国境内封地之一般诸侯，以及所有伯爵、男爵、骑士、普通贵族与上述人等之随从、所有市民阶层，以及所有其他居住于城堡、都市或其他帝国政区之内的人们，在罗马人皇帝、即未来之帝国皇帝之选举仪式举行时，他们应如上述条例所言般、正当地履行其对选侯所担负之义务。任一选侯若向某位普通诸侯提出如上要求（指第一部分中的派遣护卫要求），则该诸侯必须向该选侯提供相应服务，即派遣护卫护送参会选侯本人或选侯所遣之使节，其详情正如上一条例所述。若有人胆敢试图违背朕于上述敕令中所规定之义务，其人将受到如下惩罚：若违规者为贵族阶层一员——无论其人为一般诸侯、伯爵、男爵、骑士、普通贵族或上述人等之随从，对上述所有违背朕之敕令者，将以背信弃义之罪受到指控。如罪名成立，其人得自帝国悬赏之所有封地及所有财产均将被剥夺，而不论其来源为何；若违规者为非贵族阶层——诸如自治市市民或同行公会会员者，类似地亦当以背信弃义之罪受到指控，如罪名成立，其人得自帝国之一切政治权、自由权和其他特权及恩宠亦将被剥夺，同时受剥夺公民权与财产权之刑罚。对上述犯罪者之惩罚实施后，无论其人是否为贵族出身，其他任何人均可以自决地攻击上述那些因其罪行而在过去或现在某一刻起丧失其所有权利者，而对上述罪人之攻击行为将不会遭到审判或因此被当地治安官传唤；该行为亦不会为攻击者招致任何来自帝国或其他政治势力的惩罚。这是缘于上述因其鲁莽犯下背信弃义和抗命不尊之罪之人，不仅已被视为损害自身荣誉与安全的不从不忠者，亦已被视为政府、皇帝陛下以及神圣帝国权威之损害者之故。 |
|
好帖 |
|
|
|
第一章第三节，主要介绍了选举期间，选侯及其随行人员途经之处关于补给问题的一些规定、并对前两部分内容作了一定总结。 (3)We decree, moreover, and command, that the citizens and guilds of all cities shall be compelled to sell or cause to be sold to the aforesaid prince electors, or to any one of them who demands it, and to their envoys, when they are going to said city for the sake of holding said election, and even when they are returning from it: victuals at the common and current price for the needs of themselves or the said envoys and their followers. And in no way shall they act fraudulently with regard to the foregoing. We will that those who do otherwise shall, by the act itself, incur those penalties which we, in the foregoing, have seen fit to decree against citizens and guilds. Whoever, moreover, of the princes, counts, barons, knights, noble or common followers, citizens or guilds of cities shall presume to erect hostile barriers or to prepare ambushes for a prince elector going to hold the election of a king of the Romans or returning from it,-or to attack or disturb them or any one of them in their persons or in their property, or in the persons of said envoys sent by them or any one of them, whether they have sought escort or have not considered it worth while to demand it: we decree that he, together with all the accomplices of his iniquity, shall, by the act itself, have incurred the above penalties; in such wise, namely, that each person shall incur the penalty or penalties which, according to what precedes, we have thought best, relatively to the rank of those persons, to inflict.. 译文： （3）在上述内容的基础上，本敕令还对下述内容予以认同：朕下令，若有如前述之选侯或选侯之使节因参加选举之故，在其往程与返程中向所经城市要求为选侯本人或其使节提供所需的粮食之时，则选侯或其使节所经之城市市民及行会会员必须以当地市场的标准价格向上述人等出售粮食，禁止任何人在此事项上对选侯或其使节的欺诈行为。如在选侯或其使节所经之城市内有个人或行会胆敢拒绝提供粮食或在出售粮食之时有欺诈行为，则将依据前述之条例对该个人或行会施以前述惩罚、即以背信弃义和抗命不尊之罪判决之。此外，不论是一般诸侯、伯爵、男爵、骑士、普通贵族或上述人等之随从，抑或是城市市民或行会会员中的任何人，若其人胆敢以如下行为侵犯一位正前往参加选举或选举毕后归来之选侯或选侯之随从人员——此类行为包括恶意阻碍选侯之行程、设伏攻击选侯之队伍，以及其他危及选侯本人或其随从之人身和财产安全之行为——则无论是该选侯本人处于护卫之情况下、抑或是选侯本人主观认为无必要而拒绝接受护卫之情况下，上述的冒犯者及其从犯者都将因其行径而获致如前述之惩罚。即，无论何时、何地、何人对选举期间之选侯本人或其随从之冒犯行为符合前述罪状之任意一条或多条，均将获致符合犯罪者所属阶层之相应惩罚。 |
|
第一章第四节，介绍了对选侯间争端的处理。 (4)But if any prince elector should be at enmity with any one of his co-electors,and any contention, controversy, or dissension should be going on between them;-notwithstanding this, one shall be bound, under penalty of perjury and loss,for this one time, of his vote in the election, as has been stated above, to escort in said manner the other, Or the envoys of the other who shall be sent in said manner to such election. 译文： （4）就选侯间的争端而言，若在选举时期，某一选侯对他的选侯兄弟们持有敌视态度、并因此导致选侯之间发生分歧、争论或冲突者，则该选侯将被指控犯有背信弃义之罪，经查实罪名成立后，则失去其在此次选举中的投票权。即便如此，获致惩罚之选侯仍可参加选举、仍须按前文所述之方式向其他参加选举之选侯或其使节提供护卫。 |
|
第一章第五节，依然继续上一节的讨论，主要介绍在选举期间，当选侯发生纷争时其他社会成员的情况。 (5)But if any princes, counts, barons, knights, noble or common followers,citizens, or guilds of cities, should bear ill-will to one or more of the prince electors, or any mutual discord, or war, or dissension should be going on between them: nevertheless, all opposition and fraud being laid aside, they ought to furnish such escort to this or to these prince electors, or to his or their envoys dispatched to or returning from such election, according as they each and all desire to avoid the said punishments declared by us against them;punishments which those who act counter shall, we decree, by the act itself incur. Moreover, for the ampler security and certitude of all the above, we command and we will that all the prince electors and other princes, also the counts, barons, nobles, cities or guilds of the same, shall confirm all the aforesaid through their writings and through their oaths, and shall efficaciously bind themselves to fulfil them with good faith and without guile. But whoever shall refuse to give writings of this kind, shall, by the act itself, incur such punishment as we, by the above, have seen fit to inflict on each person according to his rank. 译文： （5）但是，纵使在选举时期诸选侯间因其敌意而引致了如前所述之纷争、乃至因事态扩大致使选侯间发生战争或其他相互敌对之行为，其余一般诸侯、伯爵、男爵、普通贵族及其随从者，包括所有城市市民和行会会员在内，均应容忍选侯间之敌意，而不应试图以任何对抗或欺诈行为干涉选侯间事务。在此情况下，其他贵族成员仍应为处在争端中的一位或多位确定前往参加选举或参选完毕归来之选侯、或者选侯之使节提供护卫，以避免因选侯争端致使其他贵族成员疏于遵守其义务而招致如前所述之惩罚。进而为了保证上述条例之执行，朕谕令所有选侯及其他一般诸侯、伯爵、男爵、普通贵族、城市市民及行会会员，以书面形式立誓保证严于律己、并忠实地遵守上述条例。若有人胆敢拒绝订立此书面誓约，将依据本章第三节所诉之条例对其加以惩罚。 |
|
第一章第六节，内容是对第五节的补充说明。 (6)But if any prince elector or other prince of whatever condition or standing, or any count, baron, or noble, or the successors or heirs of such, holding a fief or fiefs from the holy empire, be not willing to fulfill our imperial constitutions and laws above and below laid down, or shall presume to act counter to them: if such a one, indeed, be an elector prince, his co-electors shall, from that time on, exclude him from association with themselves, and he shall lose both his vote in the election and the position, dignity and privileges possessed by the other electors; nor shall he be invested with the fiefs which he shall have obtained from the holy empire. But any other prince or nobleman infringing, as we have said, these our laws, shall likewise not be invested with fiefs which he shall obtain from the holy empire or from any one otherwise, and shall, in addition, incur by the act itself all the aforesaid penalties concerning his person. 译文： （6）作为上文补充，任何拥有帝国封地之选侯与其他一般诸侯、伯爵、男爵、普通贵族，或其职位继任者及爵位继承者，如有不愿执行或公然对抗此诏书所规定之帝国章程与条例者，则据其身份之不同施加相应惩罚：若身份确认为选侯者被裁决犯此罪责，其选侯兄弟则须从此刻起与之断交、并将其排斥于选侯行列以外，亦将丧失如其他选侯般所旧有之权益：选举之参加权与投票权、与选侯身份相适之尊严与特权，其人原有之帝国封地亦将尽数收回、不再授予；若身份确认为非选侯之其他贵族被裁决犯此罪责，并不会如选侯般失去其原有之帝国封地，仅受涉及其人自身、而非如选侯般断绝与其贵族兄弟交往之惩罚，其惩罚正如本章第三节之条例所述。 |
|
第一章第七节，算是对上述内容的总结吧，提到了选侯自行安排护卫的事项。 (7) Although, indeed, we have willed and decreed in general terms that all princes, counts, barons, nobles, knights, followers, and also cities and guilds of the same are bound, as has been said, to furnish the aforesaid escort to any prince elector or his envoys: nevertheless we have thought best to designate for each one of them special escorts and conductors who will be best suited for them according to the nearness of their lands and districts as will directly be made clearer from what follows. 译文： （7）尽管朕等已订立上述诸一般性条例，告知于所有一般诸侯、伯爵、男爵、普通贵族、骑士及其随从人员，以及所有城市市民与行会成员：须为选侯或其使节提供如前所述之护卫，朕仍以为，除上述之护卫之外，诸位选侯最好还应由其本人在其领地邻近地区之民众中选派一支直接听命于选侯本人的护卫部队，以及从上述地区中挑选适宜之向导人员。 |
|
第一章第八节，开始依次介绍为选侯提供护卫之贵族和城市。首先是波希米亚国王。 (8) For first the king of Bohemia, the arch-cupbearer of the holy empire, shall be escorted by the archbishop of Mainz, the bishops of Bamberg and Wurzburg, the burgraves of Nuremberg; likewise by those of Hohenlohe, of Wertheim, of Bruneck and of Hohenau; likewise by the cities of Nuremberg, Rothenburg, and Windesheim. 译文： （8）在上述诸条例业已订立之后，朕等即确立于选举期间负责为诸位选侯提供护卫之贵族及相应城市。首先是神圣帝国之首席斟酒者、波希米亚国王，其人在参加选举期间将得到以下贵族及城市市民之护卫援助：美因茨大主教，班贝克主教与维尔茨堡主教，纽伦堡、霍恩洛厄、沃特海姆、布伦内克以及霍亨瑙地区之城堡伯爵均应对其派遣护卫；纽伦堡市、罗滕堡市及温德斯海姆市之市民则须承担护卫之义务。 |
|
第一章第十三节终于开始具体叙述应该如何护卫选侯了。。 (13)We will, moreover, and do expressly decree that each prince elector whoshall wish to have such escort shall make known this fact and the wayby which he is to pass, and shall demand this escort in such good time that those who have been deputed to furnish such escort, and from whom it shall thus have been demanded, may be able to prepare themselves for this in good time and conveniently. 译文： （13）在确定选举期间应为诸位选侯提供护卫援助之贵族及城市列表后，朕等进而对下述事项予以明确：若参加选举之每一选侯有要求派遣护卫之意愿，则应事先将此情况向负有护卫义务的贵族或城市通报、告知负有护卫义务之贵族或城市关于选侯本人或使节途径之所。同时，负有护卫义务之贵族或城市应与选侯方面协商、确定某一便于组织及派遣护卫队伍之时间后，方可在约定时间向选侯本人或其使节派出护卫。 |
| 首页 上一页[1] 本页[2] 下一页[3] 尾页[4] [收藏本文] 【下载本文】 |
| 世界历史 最新文章 |
| 二战十大名将 |
| 对比史上主要强国综合国力 |
| 太平天国若成功中国命运不堪设想，看朱九妹 |
| 中国历史“圣经”——《资治通鉴》柏杨白话 |
| 大家说如果那年819紧急状态委员会对叶利钦果 |
| 二战时各国的实力排名 |
| 高梁河车神 宋太宗赵光义为何遭人唾弃？ |
| 历史上各时段的亚洲十大强国排名 |
| 【转载】《天下无谍》——黄河故人（基本全 |
| 世界古代史 |
| 上一篇文章 下一篇文章 查看所有文章 |
|
|
娱乐生活:
电影票房
娱乐圈
娱乐
弱智
火研
中华城市
印度
仙家
六爻
佛门
风水
古钱币交流专用
钓鱼
双色球
航空母舰
网球
乒乓球
中国女排
足球
nba
中超
跑步
象棋
体操
戒色
上海男科
80后
足球: 曼城 利物浦队 托特纳姆热刺 皇家马德里 尤文图斯 罗马 拉齐奥 米兰 里昂 巴黎圣日尔曼 曼联 |
| 网站联系: qq:121756557 email:121756557@qq.com 知识库 |